Integrity is defined as

• A. The practice of maintaining data consistency and ensuring the information hasn't been altered or compromised in any way. This process is applied to data in active use, data that's stored and data that's transferred.
• B. The process of backing up data.
• C. The process of logging access attempts.
• D. The process of recovering from disaster.

Answer: (A)

Integrity means keeping information accurate, consistent, and unaltered, so you can trust the data. It has to hold true whether data is being used, stored, or sent over a network, because integrity matters at every stage of data handling. You protect integrity with measures that detect or prevent changes you didn’t authorize—from hash checks and digital signatures to strict access controls and tamper-evidence mechanisms. This aligns with defining integrity as maintaining data consistency and ensuring information hasn’t been altered or compromised in any way across active data, data at rest, and data in transit. Backups relate to availability and recoverability, logging access attempts to accountability, and disaster recovery to restoring operations after a disruption—all important, but they don’t by themselves define or guarantee data integrity.